Sustainable solutions for urban infrastructure: The environmental and economic benefits of using recycled construction and demolition waste in permeable pavements

Abstract

This study explores the economic and environmental implications of using recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW) in permeable pavements, presenting it as a viable solution for promoting sustainable urban development. As urbanization intensifies, both the volume of CDW and the demand for resilient, flood-mitigating infrastructure are rising. Permeable pavements made from recycled concrete, ceramic bricks, reclaimed asphalt, and industrial waste offer a dual benefit—minimizing environmental degradation and enhancing pavement performance. The findings from various studies indicate that these materials, when properly processed and chemically stabilized, can replace virgin aggregates in pavement base and subbase layers without compromising structural integrity. The paper highlights improvements in mechanical properties, stormwater infiltration, and pollutant removal when using permeable systems, even when recycled materials are incorporated. In particular, innovations such as the use of geopolymer concrete and secondary aluminum dross (SAD) fillers have shown to enhance compressive strength and moisture resistance in asphalt mixes containing RCA. Moreover, life cycle assessment (LCA) methods validate the environmental gains of these practices, from reduced carbon emissions to lower resource extraction rates. Despite these advantages, technical challenges such as pore clogging, leaching risks, and material variability persist. Addressing these through standardization, further field trials, and continued innovation will be key to expanding the adoption of CDW in permeable pavements. Ultimately, the integration of recycled materials into urban infrastructure emerges as a promising strategy to reduce construction waste, conserve natural resources, and build cities that are both sustainable and resilient.